Here you’ll find answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about LionLink
We will continue to update the below FAQs as our work progresses. If you would like to download the FAQs as a document, please visit our document library, and if your question is not listed below, please reach out to us via the contact details below.
About LionLink
LionLink is a new subsea electricity cable (known as an interconnector) proposed to run between Great Britain and the Netherlands. The project is being developed by National Grid Ventures (NGV) and out Dutch partner, TenneT.
LionLink will play an important role in reducing the UK’s reliance on fossil fuels and supporting the UK government’s objectives to create a secure, reliable, and affordable energy supply for UK households.
Now more than ever we need more renewable energy to make energy cleaner, more affordable, and more secure. The North Sea offers an incredible opportunity for the UK and our European neighbours to deliver huge increases in offshore wind. But delivering new offshore wind will require more infrastructure, which will have an impact on communities.
LionLink will deliver a range of national benefits, including:
- the opportunity to supply up to 1.8 gigawatts (GW) of electricity – enough to power approximately 2.5 million homes
- delivering increased interconnector capacity by 2030 towards Government targets, including the target of 18GW of interconnector capacity by 2030
- strengthening our national energy security
- supporting the UK and Europe’s climate and energy goals
- expected savings to UK consumers of almost £300 million in its first ten years of operation
- providing clean, green, renewable, energy – the carbon savings of its first year is equivalent to taking nearly 600,000 cars off the road
- and boosting competition in the energy market and improving the affordability of energy.
We applied for a connection point for LionLink to then National Grid ESO (NGESO), which became an independent public body, the National Energy System Operator, on 1 October 2024.
NGESO conducted an appraisal process, which involved discussions with us as the applicant, to determine the best point of connection on their network. The appraisal included an evaluation of environmental, technical, and cost factors, and it was concluded that East Suffolk was the most suitable point of connection. In 2017, we received a connection agreement from the NGESO to link to a new substation in the Leiston area. Our assumption is that LionLink will connect to the new Friston substation set to be developed by ScottishPower Renewables.
There are no suitable brownfield sites near Leiston where our connection agreement was granted. The proposed Friston substation enables onshore coordination with other projects. Delivering coordination has been a key theme from our feedback to date.
On a Bradwell connection
Several factors weigh against LionLink connecting at Bradwell, Essex. These include significant loss of marine habitat due to the required cable crossings within European designated sites, which would require significant scouring of the seabed to ensure the security of the cables. Connecting Bradwell to other areas of the transmission network would also require substantial grid reinforcement including the provision of new overhead lines.
On a Sizewell C connection
There are significant technical challenges with co-locating infrastructure around Sizewell C due to the operational requirements of nuclear facilities and environmental protection areas.
Like all other energy sources in the UK, the energy brought to the UK via LionLink will be distributed across the UK by the electricity grid. The purpose of this project is to bolster the security of Great Britain’s energy supply rather than specific areas.
LionLink is an essential part of the transition to putting more infrastructure offshore and bringing offshore energy sources into the Grid. LionLink will run between the UK and the Netherlands via the Nederweik 3 platform in the North Sea.
Currently, there is no fully offshore solution to connecting offshore wind and/or interconnectors to the electricity grid. Putting infrastructure offshore does not remove the need for infrastructure onshore. Energy generated or transmitted offshore needs to be connected to the onshore national grid to provide the electricity needed to power UK homes and businesses.
84% of LionLink’s UK cable is offshore.
2024
- Surveys begin (both the seabed and the land)
Autumn 2025
- The next stage of consultation with local residents and communities takes place.
- Preliminary Environmental Information Report is published.
2026
- We submit our application for a Development Consent Order to the Planning Inspectorate to build LionLink.
- Environmental Statement is submitted as part of the Development Consent Order.
The anticipated lifespan of the project is about 40 years. NGV’s first interconnector, IFA, opened in 1986 and is still transmitting c. 2 GW of energy between the UK and France.
An overview of interconectors
LionLink is a proposed Offshore Hybrid Asset (OHA). OHAs are subsea electricity cables that connect the UK’s electricity system to those of neighbouring countries and also connect offshore power generators – such as wind farms – to the shore. At the moment, offshore wind farms and interconnectors operate separately and connect to the shore individually. In the future, OHAs could enable offshore wind and interconnectors to work together, helping the UK to achieve its net zero target by integrating more renewable energy onto the network.
Interconnectors are making energy more secure, affordable, and sustainable for consumers. NGV currently has six interconnectors in operation, enabling the flow of energy between Great Britain and partners in Belgium, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and Norway. The development of more interconnectors will:
- promote more affordable energy by providing access to the lowest priced energy
- increase security of supply by providing access to a more diverse pool of clean energy generation, as well as ensuring that the energy flows from where it’s being generated to where it’s needed most
- achieve the UK’s climate targets of 30 GW of interconnector capacity by 2030
- support the transition to a cleaner energy system by providing more flexible capacity between the UK and neighbouring energy networks
- maximise the use of renewable energy generation by accelerating the development of offshore wind.
Yes, LionLink will allow a 2-way flow of energy between the UK and the Netherlands. The expectation would be that the UK transfers power when we have a surplus from, for example, excess wind power and vice versa.
As peak consumption times differ across countries based on time difference, different cultural behaviours, weather etc. this enables partners to buy excess power when there is a requirement on the network and sell power when there is a surplus. UK exports also have the potential to increase given the increase in renewable energy projects being connected to the UK grid over the coming years.
Public consultation, engagement and feedback
To date we have held two public consultations:
October – December 2022
- the consultation provided an opportunity to view and comment on our initial siting and routing options
- we received 234 feedback responses and had 87 attendees for our community webinar events, 8,006 website views, and 535 people attended our in-person community events. The 2022 public consultation interim report, which provides an overview of all the feedback received and how this was used to refine our project, can be read online here
- as a result of this consultation we identified an alternative landfall site at Walberswick and an alternative onshore underground cable corridor to the north of Southwold.
September - November 2023
- we held a second public consultation to give the public the opportunity to comment on the alternative options that were identified in response to the 2022 public consultation
- we received 1,318 feedback responses from the community and statutory consultees, including town and parish councils and Members of Parliament. 126 people attended our 7 community webinar events, while 1,317 people attended our in-person community events. We also had 11,853 unique views of our website and virtual exhibition.
We are using the feedback from the local community and comments received from statutory consultees to improve our proposals and determine the best locations and routes for the project.
Whilst the consultation period for the project is currently closed, we welcome any feedback which you can share with the LionLink Project Team by emailing [email protected]
We will endeavour to answer any queries or confirm receipt of further feedback within 20 working days. There will be another round of public consultation as part of our statutory consultation in 2025.
Infrastructure
LionLink will run under the sea between the Netherlands and the UK. When it reaches the UK, the cable will need to come onshore and be connected to the UK’s electricity grid.
The diagram below indicates how LionLink will work, and the offshore and onshore infrastructure needed (the Exclusive Economic Zone [EEZ represents the boundary between Dutch and British territorial waters).
LionLink will connect Great Britain and the Netherlands via subsea cables, which will have the capacity to connect to Dutch offshore wind via an offshore converter station. The offshore converter station will be in Dutch territorial waters and will be owned by our partners TenneT.
84% of LionLink’s cable will be offshore
- landfall site - the location where the subsea cables are brought onto the land and are connected to the onshore cables. At most, a small cabin, about the size of a telecoms box, will remain at the construction area behind the shoreline. There will be no visible infrastructure left on the beach or shoreline.
- underground high voltage direct current (HVDC) cable corridor - from the landfall location to the converter station. No overhead lines or pylons will be required.
- converter station – the location where the electricity will be transformed from HVDC into high voltage alternating current (HVAC), which is necessary to enable the electricity to be fed into the transmission network and be used in our homes.
- underground HVAC cable corridor - from the converter station to the substation.
- substation – the location where the electricity from LionLink enters the UK’s electricity network.
Informed by the feedback received across both public consultations, our proposed locations for the onshore infrastructure are:
- landfall: Walberswick (referred to as Landfall G2)
- converter station: Saxmundham (referred to as Site 3)
- substation: near Friston, as proposed by ScottishPower Renewables
- a high-voltage alternating current underground cable between the proposed substation and our proposed converter station
- a high-voltage direct current underground cable between our proposed converter station and our proposed landfall site.
Early design works suggest that the footprint of the converter station site will cover an area of six hectares (14.8 acres), with an additional four hectares for the temporary construction service areas. This includes space for the main converter station building, which is likely to be up to 26 me tall.
NGV will keep the design of the infrastructure under review as the project progresses. We are keen to ensure that the Saxmundham community can contribute to the external appearance in the development of the converter station in the later stages. We successfully worked with the local community on the external appearance of the converter station for our Viking Link project and utilised a special cladding as the facade of the station to help it blend into the Lincolnshire landscape.
Pictured below, Viking Link 2023
Landfall
Walberswick (site G2) was chosen as our preferred landfall site following extensive analysis. Walberswick requires a shorter onshore cable route to the proposed converter station site in Saxmundham (19.9km) compared to the Southwold route (32.8km). Choosing the shorter Walberswick route should shorten the construction timeline whilst requiring fewer materials, construction sites, and vehicle movements, thereby reducing disruption to residents and the overall environmental impact.
Fewer heritage trees and hedgerows will be lost with the shorter route to Walberswick. It will also require fewer crossings of waterways, utility pipes, and roads to reach the converter station site at Saxmundham. This will reduce environmental damage and disruption to residents.
The shorter cable route to Walberswick should result in less disruption to local roads. We also hope to use existing farm tracks to create access roads which would allow us to avoid the main road into Walberswick village.
For further information on the preferred landfall site decision, please access our project newsletter (February 2025).
Aldeburgh (identified as Landfall E in planning documents) was discounted due to significant environmental and technical risks associated with the nearshore approach to the site. LionLink will approach the coast from the northeast after connecting with the Dutch windfarm located in the North Sea. From an offshore perspective, this can create challenges in crossing designated protected areas. These protected areas include the Southern North Sea Special Area of Conservation and the Outer Thames Estuary Special Protection Area. These protected areas are designated to protect a range of species (e.g., harbour porpoises), habitats, and seabed features (e.g., sandbanks) which are all protected under UK law.
Although consultation feedback favoured coordination with other developers at landfall and converter station sites, the benefits of this at Landfall E (such as a reduction in construction traffic and sharing of materials), were not sufficient to outweigh the challenges presented from an environmental and technical perspective. Consultation feedback highlighted environmental sites and designations which would require mitigation. On balance, and when considering the offshore constraints outlined in this report, this has helped inform our decision to discount this site.
Dunwich (identified as Landfall H in planning documents) has been discounted due to the likelihood of adverse impacts on local heritage, particularly the archaeological asset around the site. There were also challenging technical constraints associated with constructing the landfall via trenchless installation method such as horizontal directional drilling due to the steep cliff face and speed of coastal erosion in the location, alongside any visual impacts on the character of the medieval village.
Our originally proposed landfall at Walberswick (identified as Landfall G in planning documents) was discounted in 2024 following public feedback received during our non-statutory consultation, as it would have involved the temporary loss of the beach carpark and beach huts during construction. Additionally, construction traffic would cross the narrow bridge over the Dunwich River and pass through the centre of Walberswick. As a result, we identified landfall G2 as an alternative landfall site in Walberswick. This option avoids the temporary loss of the beach carpark and beach huts during construction, reduces the impact of construction traffic on Walberswick, and avoids the bridge crossing over the Dunwich River.
During the landfall selection process, we held two public consultations. Our first consultation was on our initial siting and routing options, including landfall sites at Walberswick, Southwold, Aldeburgh, and Dunwich. Following community feedback received from the consultation, we identified an alternative landfall site at Walberswick and an alternative onshore cable corridor north of Southwold.
We held a second public consultation on our alternative Walberswick landfall site and Southwold cable route, as well as the options presented in 2022. We also published a supplementary Non-Statutory Consultation Report, which summarised responses to feedback received, and set out emerging preferences and discounted sites. Following thorough evaluation using public feedback and survey works along the proposed cable route for the project, we selected Walberswick as the preferred landfall site.
The project team has carefully analysed the combined impact of the landfall sites and cable routes (onshore and offshore) for the Walberswick and Southwold options. While construction of any kind will impact the natural environment, on balance, we concluded that the overall environmental impact would be lower and that this can be mitigated with the Walberswick option. Fewer heritage trees and hedgerows will be lost with the shorter route to Walberswick. This option will also require fewer crossings of waterways, utility pipes, and roads to reach the converter station site at Saxmundham, reducing environmental damage and disruption to residents.
Offshore considerations are a crucial factor to our decision making and we have discounted sites further down the coast due to the impact on marine habitats. The slightly longer offshore cable route (3 km) between the Dutch offshore windfarm and Walberswick has a marginal influence on the overall impact of the project on the marine environment and therefore was not a determining factor in our landfall decision.
Although the Walberswick onshore cable route passes through a section of the Minsmere-Walberswick Special Protection Area, we will avoid direct impact by using special construction methods. This includes underground drilling techniques where the Walberswick onshore cable route passes through the designated sites to avoid any loss of habitats. Noise monitoring will also be undertaken to help guide the position of noise barriers, which will be placed around the nearest construction works to minimise disturbance of bird species at the designated site.
Construction
We understand the concerns raised by communities regarding impacts to the environment and tourism during the temporary construction phase of the project. We will undertake an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) prior to any application being submitted. The EIA will help us establish our preferred options and rigorously assess the potential impacts to identify how we can avoid and minimise effects wherever possible, as well as restoring and offsetting potential impacts where needed.
On timings, we expect (subject to detailed designs) the following:
- construction of the landfall site to take at least 12 months (dependent on the landfall site chosen) and will be phased with boring works taking place first, followed by cable installation and then environmental reinstatement works.
- construction of the cable corridor to take up to four years and be delivered on a section-bysection basis.
- onstruction of the converter station to take at least 3 years.
To confirm timings for works, we will consider several elements, including bird and wildlife breeding seasons, wintering bird seasons, tourism patterns and other key considerations.
A construction management plan will be developed to outline how works will be undertaken and what mitigations may need to be put in place. During the construction period, temporary infrastructure, such as compounds and storage areas may be necessary to facilitate construction. We expect construction at the landfall sites to last at least 12 months.
The capacity of the network around Friston is adequate to accommodate LionLink. There are no additional pylons required to connect LionLink to the network at Friston.
Our offshore cable routes have been developed to avoid or minimise impacts to protected habitats and species, as well as commercial and leisure marine users.
Trenchless construction methods such as Horizontal Directional Drilling will be used to install the cable at sensitive locations such as the landfall site. Where the cable is installed via a trench it is intended that all soil excavated will be stored and reused on site to reinstate the land to pre-construction conditions on conclusion of works.
Excavated soils from trenched installation will be reinstated in sequence – sub-soil and then topsoil. Where seeding is required to restore that land to its original condition, this will take place after the backfilling of the trenches and replacement of the topsoil. The land will be reinstated to pre-construction condition and to the reasonable satisfaction of the landowner. Post-restoration surveys will be carried out across all reinstated land to determine whether the land has been restored to the required standards.
An aftercare programme will then be agreed with the landowner, and (if applicable) tenant farmer, to ensure the long-term success of the restoration works. In similar projects, landowners/farmers were able to use their land immediately after reinstatement was completed. For sample images of the restoration process, please see our Spring 2024 newsletter.
Coordination
We are working closely with other developers in the area to explore opportunities to coordinate activities and minimise impacts on local communities and the environment.
Coordination could include aligning specific works to reduce impacts on the environment and local communities, alongside re-using materials, sharing site compounds, landscaping, and mitigation opportunities and how we invest in communities.
NGV and National Grid Electricity Transmission (NGET) are working collaboratively to explore opportunities to co-locate onshore infrastructure for the LionLink and Sea Link projects. This work has led us to identifying a singular preferred converter site at Saxmundham.
Further engineering studies and assessments are being progressed to understand if shared underground cable route corridors are possible. As the project is refined and a more detailed construction programme developed, we will explore opportunities to coordinate construction activity between LionLink, Sea Link, and other developers in the local area.
We are talking to the Suffolk Chamber of Commerce, the Suffolk Destination Management Organisation and Federation of Small Businesses in the East of England about the project about how we can work with their members to support our supply chain and ensuring impacts on local business are minimised.
In July 2024, Ofgem held a consultation for all interested parties on the possibility of connecting Nautilus to Friston. Following the consultation, Ofgem have concluded that the Isle of Grain is a viable location to connect Nautilus to the transmission network.
NGV has always thought that that the Isle of Grain presents the best location for Nautilus given that it is a hub for energy infrastructure and has the potential to offer the shortest offshore cable route to Belgium. This view was reinforced by community and stakeholder feedback.
Now that Ofgem has approved Nautilus, NGV will pursue the project at the Isle of Grain, instead of Friston.
Environmental impact
We understand the community’s concerns about the impact of the project on the natural environment. Reducing the environmental impact is front of mind as we plan the project, and this includes marine impacts as well as land.
NGV will undertake an EIA prior to any application being submitted, which will cover a wide range of environmental subjects. As part of the EIA, documents will be publicly available as the project develops with the first being the scoping report released in March 2024.
As the project progresses, a construction and environmental management plan will be developed. This plan will take into consideration key times of the year, to mitigate construction – the breeding season, wintering bird season, and tourism patterns will all be considered among other elements.
NGV is committed to minimising the effects of new infrastructure, mitigating adverse effects of works, offsetting where mitigation is not practicable, and enhancing the environment around our works.
The Government is in the process of introducing ‘Biodiversity Net Gain’ (BNG), which is a strategy to develop land and contribute to the recovery of nature. It is a way of making sure the habitat for wildlife is in a better state than it was before development.
A 10% BNG will be required for Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects such as LionLink from 2025. We are committed to delivering at least 10% BNG for the project.
As part of the EIA process, air quality will be assessed and where appropriate mitigation measures will be implemented. It should be noted best practice construction methodologies will be utilised, to reduce and control emissions. This is a key part of the design process.
Any potential impacts on the health of local communities will be covered by the health assessment of the EIA. This also includes cumulative assessments of other projects in the area.
Further information, including the methodology of the air quality, health and cumulative assessment, is provided in the recently submitted EIA scoping report.
Economic impact
The potential impact on the local economy and any associated mitigation, such as compensation, is being closely assessed as the project progresses. At present, it is too early to provide a detailed understanding of what these may be; this will become clearer as we refine our preferred sites and progress further studies. We will produce a socio-economic report that will be submitted as part of the final application. This will also be informed by engagement with communities and local businesses.
Background to National Grid Ventures and National Grid Group
National Grid Ventures (NGV) is at the forefront of the energy transition. We operate across the UK, Europe and US, developing, operating, and investing in large-scale clean energy infrastructure. We’re helping to accelerate society’s drive towards net zero while maintaining security of supply today. NGV runs separately from National Grid plc’s core regulated operations.
We’ve built a broad portfolio of businesses that work together to keep the lights on, decarbonise the economy and power a clean, fair and affordable energy future for consumers. It is NGV who is leading on the LionLink project. NGV currently has six interconnectors in operation: IFA and IFA2 to France, Nemo Link to Belgium, BritNed to the Netherlands, North Sea Link to Norway, and a new interconnector, Viking Link, has recently started operation to Denmark.
There are three distinct electricity business entities under the umbrella of National Grid plc, all with different roles and responsibilities. NGV is a legally separate entity from National Grid Electricity Transmission plc (NGET) and National Grid Electricity Distribution plc (NGED), which are subject to separate regulations. NGV operates and invests in energy projects, technologies, and partnerships to accelerate the development of a clean energy future.
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